1. ZOMITE’ KICIAPTEHNA VAPHUAL THU
Zomite in thumanna leh cihtakna thupi sak uh a, tuate ciaptehna dingin vaphualin a kiciamteh uh hi. A pau a ham uh kithei lo-in, Kawlgam Vaigamah kikhen uh a, ngeina nangawn damdamin ki gamla deuhdeuh ding tawh kibang napi, Zomi kici nam khempeuh in amau leh amau a kiciapteh nadingin “Vaphual” a zang khawm thei uh hi. A tangthu a nuaia bang a hi hi.
Ni dang lai-in Lawi Thang leh Sial Lian kici unau nih om a, Lawi Thang a uzaw hi-in, Sial Lian a nau zaw ahi hi. A neu mahmah lai-un a nu uh si a, a pa un zikik a nei hi. A nukik un Lawi Thang leh Sial Lian it lo-in bangcih leng hih naupang nih tawh kigamla thei ding cih bekbek a ngaihsun thapaai hi. A pasal kiangah, “Hih naupang liakluak nih tawh khuasa khawm theilo ding ka hih manin, na siamsiamin mundangah hawlkhia in” a ci hi. A pa in a tapate nih hehpih huaisa-in it mahmah napi a zi’ phunphun thuak hak sa mahmah hi.
Ni khat a pa in paalbawm lianpi khat a phanphan laitakin a tate hong pai in, “Pa! na bawm phanphan bang ding a hia?” ci-in a dot uh leh a pa un, “Gun a suang no mau ciacia ka puakna ding ka cih hi ven” ci-in a dawng hi. A zawh ciangin a tate sam a, “Tate, hih bawmpi sungah na ta uh hiam hong kisin dih sin vua le” a ci hi. A tate zong lungdam mahmahin, hong kisin teltel uh a, a ta uh hi. Tualai takin a pa un bawmpi kisuanin khuanawl lam a zawtpih vingveng hi.
Mual khat a khup ciangin, “Tate! hih lai-ah hong nusia leng innlam na thei lai ding uh hia?” a cih leh a tate in “Thei mah nung pa! Hih khawng ka sing tom zelna uh hi lo maw” a ci uh hi. Pai leuleu-in mual khat a khup ciangin, a pa in “Tate hih lai-ah hong nusia leng innlam na thei lai ding uh hia?” a ci kik hi. A tate in “Thei buang ee, pa! Pute’ sial pute’bawng ka cincinna uh hi lo maw!” a ci uh hi. Pai leuleu-in mual khat a khup kik ciangin, “Tate! hih lai-ah hong nusia leng, innlam na thei lai ding uh hia?” a cih kik leh, a tate in “Thei nawn kei nung, Bang ci-in maw pa! Hong nusia ken maw pa!” a ci uh hi. A pa un tua lai-ah khawlpih a, a tate hik khawng khah khawng a etsak khit ciangin a ihmu sak hi.
A tate a ihmut sip khit ciangin a pa in a hikte a khahte’ kiangah, “Ka tate in hong sap leh ‘Hawi” na ci un” ci-in vaikhakin, nung hei kawmkawmin a ciahsan hi. A tate a khanlawh ciangin, khua pangsan hun hi ta a, a kiim a paam a et uh leh a pa uh a mu kei uh hi. “Pa, pa aw” ci-in a sapsap uh leh hikte khahte in “hawi” ci-in a na dawng uh hi. Unaute in a cih nang uh thei nawn lo-in, a gil uh kial mahmah a, a kapkap uh hi. Gamlakah nektheih zongin a vaak leihleih uh hi. Nektheih a muh peuhpeuh uh, phalhawmin a ne uh hi.
Ni khat vasa bu khat mu uh a, a u in a va et saisai leh vaphual tui tang khat a na om hi. Khia suk leh lah kitam ding, ne leh lah a nau in ngawl ding ahih manin a u in a kam sungah muanin sing tung pan hong kum suk hi. Leilak a tunma-in vaphual tui taamin valh kha a, vaphual a suak pah hi. A naupa in a upa vaphual a suah ciangin dah mahmahin amah kia a kapkap hi. A u in “Nau aw kapkap kei ou! Nek theih singgah ka muh peuhpeuh hong puak ning aw, Lau ken aw” a ci hi. A u zong singgah zongin a lenlen leh munkhatah gam hoih gam nuam mahmah khat mu a, a naupa samin tua khua-ah a tengsak hi. A naupa in tua khua-ah a sep peuhpeuh lawhcing a, a khawi peuhpeuh pung mahmahin, a sawt lo-in mihau mahmah khat a suak hi. Zi nei-in ta nei-in nuam a sa mahmah hi. Nek leh dawn kiningcing mahmah a, khua hausa nangawn a sem hi. A upa in zong vilkik nawn lo-in kum sau veipi a kikhen uh hi.
Ni khat ni ciangin, a naupa Sial Lian in ton ding hong vaihawm hi. Zu leh sa na khempeuh kicing khin dildel a, a nunung penin a upa a sam nuam hi. Tua ahih manin a upa a sam dingin vasa khempeuh a kaikhawm hi. “Ka upa sam nuam hi veeng, kua in hong sapsak thei ding uh ham a ?” a cih leh Baibek in, “Ken sam thei ning ei” a ci pah buatbuat hi. “Bang ci sap sawm na hia?” a cih leh, “Belek, belek” ka ci ding hi a ci hi. Vasa khempeuh in a nuihsan ngeeingai uh hi. Sial Lian in “Nang sam thei kei ni ciai” a cih khit ciangin, vasa khempeuh a banbanin kisinsak a, a sam thei ding kuamah a mu kei hi. A nunung petpet ciangin, Vavui in, “Kei hong kisin dih ning ee” a ci hi. Sial Lian in “bang ci sap sawm na hia?” a cih leh, Vavui in “Tu, tu, tu, tu git ka ta aw e nau in Tonkhuang kai ee, phual aw hong zo in ka ci,” ka ci ding hi a ci hi. Tua ciangin Sial Lian in “Nang sam thei mah ni ciai “ ci-in a u sam dingin a sawl hi.
Ton kipat ni zingsangin, a u Lawi Thang hong tung huak-huak takpi a, inntual tungah hong laam hi. Sial Lian zong nuam mahmahin, a inntual laizangah hong pai a, a u a muak hi. A u in a mul khat botin a khiatsuk leh, a nau in hoihsa mahmah a a lukhu tungah totin mipi lai-ah a laam hi. Sial Lian lam siam mahmah si, vaphual mul tawh lah kilawm mahmah si ahih manin mi khempeuh in hoihsa-in a eng mahmah uh hi. Papi khempeuh in vaphual mul ngen pah ngeingai uh a, a u in zong a mul neih khempeuh botbotin a khiatkhiat hi. A nu kik in zong a nget leh, vaphual in a ekpeek a, a kamsung Tu-in a si pah hi. Vaphual in a kha a mei a bei dong botbotin khiatkhiat ahih manin a tawpna ciangin leng thei nawnlo-in leilakah hong kia a, a naupa in a tangsaal-ah a kem hi. A nau in a mei a kha a kim dong a kep a vak khit ciangin a khah kik hi.
A u in a len khiat kik ding ciangin, a naupa’ kiangah khitui mualtuang sa in “Nau! hih lai mun sang a nuamzaw gam khat mu khin ka hi aw. Tua lai-ah a tawntung ih tenkhop theih nading ni khat ni ciang hong sam ding ka hi. Tua lai mun nong tunnop leh thumanna leh cihtakna kiptakin len tinten in la, na nuntakpih in aw. Tuate ih gamh a hi. Mangngilh het ken aw Sial Lian!” ci-in a vaikhak khit ciangin a leng khia vingveng hi. Tua huna kipanin tuni dong vaphual ahi a u Lawi Thang leh a naupa SialLian a kimu nawn kei uh hi.
2. Vaphual thu khat leuleu-ah:
Vaphual nupa a kici pen vasa dangte bang lo-in a ki-it pha diakte uh ahi hi. A nu hiam a pa hiam khat a si om leh lungleng lua-in amah guak om nuam salo hi. Van sangpi-ah lengin sangpi atun ciangin lei-ah kikia sakin kisih bawl tangial ci uh hi. Tua banah a bu sungah a tui a nu in a op ciangin, hoih takin a bu khempeuh singnai tawh hu bit sitsetin a luthawl theih nading mun khat bek vangsak a, apa in an zongin vak khia-in a nu an va puak zelzel hi. A hi zongin a om loh kalin mun khat vangsak, keh sak kha leh apa lungkim lo-in “nang ciampel, ka om loh kalin midang tawh kizom hi teh, ci-in an puak nawnlo, don nawnlo ahih manin a nu pen a bu sung pan lah leng khia thei nawnlo-in tua bangin a bu sungah si-in muat cip lel hi, ci-in khanglui te’n na gen uh hi. Ki sihpih ngam zah dong a ki it ahih hangun a ciampel aom ciangin ki nusia ngam mahmah uh hi.
Tua hi a, hih VAPHUAL’ cihtakna leh ki-itna thupi sa-in ei Zomite in Zomi kiciaptehna-in ih nei hi.
2. KUA TENG ZOMI?
I
Zomite in ‘Zosuante’ ih cih, Mizo ten ‘Zo hnahthlak’ a cih teng pen British kumpi in hong awp-ma-in amau hong ciaptehna-ah ‘wild hill tribes’ ci-in, ih gam pen ‘un-administered area’, ci uh hi. Zosuan laka nitumna lam a tung masate pen Bengali leh Assamese ten ‘Kuki’ ci-in na ciamteh uh a, hih pen Mikang lai tawh a kiciaptehna 1792 kum hi ding hi. British kumpi in 1872 kuma Mizoram lak a kipat ciangin, tua lai taka Lusei kampau tam pen a hihna tawh a gam pen ‘Lushai Hills’ vawh pah hi. Kawlgam lamah ahih leh ‘Chin’ ci-in hong ciamteh hi. Ahi zongin ‘Chin’ cih kammal bang cihna, koi pan hong kipan, bang huna hong piang cih kankhiatna taktak om nailo hi. Lam khat panin Zo minamte Chin hong kicihna Kawlte hong lawhna a kikawm maw? ahih kei leh Mikang galkap ten Chin hills-a Hausa a tuak masak pen uh Pu Khaw Cin min tapsaka ‘Khaw Cin hills/ Cin hills’ a ci zong hi zaw kha thei hi. Bang teng hi ta leh, Chin pen tu huna Myanmar a kici gam lama om teng hong kitangsak zaw deuhin, India gam lama om teng Lushai ahih kei leh Kuki, cih kitangsak zaw deuh hi. Mikangte in Zo minam teng mi khat sa khata hong muhna tawh lom khata hong lawhnop uh ciangin ‘Chin-Kuki’ cih bang, ‘Chin-Lushai’ cih bang, ‘Chin-Lushai-Kuki’ cih bang zang uh hi. Tua ahih manin British kumpi in Zo minamte tenna teng uk nadinga 1896 kuma a bawl thukhun zong ‘Chin Hills Regulation Act’ vawh ziau hi. Hih thukhun pen Chin hills baanah Lushaite, Kukite leh Nagate teenna teng huamsakin kizang hi.
Mikangte in Chin, Kuki, Lushai ci-a hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mah in, “Amau pen Chin hiam, Kuki hiam kici het lo mah uh hi ven,” hong ci kik veve uh hi. J.G Scott in a laibu, ‘Burma’ cihah, “The names Kuki and Chin are not national, and like others, the people do not accept the name given to them by the Burmese and ourselves; they do not call themselves Chins and they equally flout the name of Kuki which their Assamese and Bengali neighbours use. They call themselves Zhou or Shu, and in other parts Yo (Zo) or Lai” ci-in, Dr. G.A. Grierson leh midangte muhna mah tawh kituakin na gelh hi. Bertram S. Carey leh H.N. Tuck ten zong Zote, Thadote leh Guite thu a gelhkhopna-ah “These Zos, Thados and Guites are called by the Manipuri’s Kuki or Khongjais, who only made their acquaintance after they had migrated north, but the people call themselves by the name of Zo (Yo)” ci-in na ciamteh uh hi. Guite Innpipa Pu Go Khaw Thang zong, “Go Khaw Thang, who, as already related, was seized by the Manipuris in the course of the Lushai expedition of 1871-72, was the Zo Chief of Mualpi,” ci-in Zo hausa mah na ci uh hi. Mikangte in Chin, Kuki in hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mahin ei le ei Chin peuh, Kuki peuh i kicih mel leh sa tawh kizui-in Leitung minam lompi thum om laka Mongoloid minam hiang khat hi-in, kampau tawh kizuia Mongoloid minam lompi thum laka Tibeto-Burman hiang loh lam hong tel mahmah uh hi. Mikangte in Chin-Lushai-Kuki hong cih hang, amau mahin ei-le-ei ‘Zo’ kici uh hong cih mah bangin, tu panin hih sungah ‘Zo minam’ ci-in kizang ta ding hi.
Zo minamte pen minam thu kante in Mongolian mite suan… Tibeto-Burman laka mi…” hi-in gen uh a, kipom kim thei tek hi leh kilawm hi. ‘Mongol’ pen minam min hi-in, ‘Mongolian’ pen zepna kammal (adjective) hi a, ‘Mongolia’ cih a gam min genna-in kizang hi. ‘Mongoloid’ cih leuleu pen ‘Mongol’ minam suan leh khak teng genna-in kizanghi.
Tua hi a,Zominamte in khat ihi hi. Zo minamte in ih bul ih phung taktak (ethnic origin) a kikankhia nailo ahih hangin ei pen Tibet gam tawnin Sengam pan Kawlzangah tungin, tua panin tu-a ih omna tengah a kizeel hi hang, cih ih pom thei tek hi. Pu Vum Son’ muhna-ah ih minam min ‘Zo’ cih pen ‘Zo’ kici mi khat’ suante ih hih man hi, ci hi. Tua ih pu ih pate gam in Sengamah ei tawh ih kibatpih Tibet mite, Kawl, Naga, Meitei, Bodo, Kachin, Lahute tawh teengkhawm hi. Sengam panin Jesuh suahma pekin sim lamah kitaikhia-in, Jesuh suah khit kum za khawng ciangin Chindwin gamkuamtengah kiteeng ta hi, cihi.
Kawlzang panin Zo minamte AD 1000 kum pawl panin nitumna lam khamtung gamah tai kipan ta dingin kituat hi. Khamtung gama a tai, pawlkhatte in Ciimnuai khua sat uh a, tuate pen tulai taka ‘Zomi’ a kici Tedim gam, Tonzang gam, Manipur gam leh Mizoram donga teeng, Ciimnuai-a piang a kici teng hi. Ciimnuai khua mun in tulai taka Saizang khua khang ahi hi. Pawl khatte in Sunthla khua kiangah Lailun khua sat uh a, tuate tulai taka ‘Lai’ a kici- Falam, Haka leh Thantlang mite hi-in, Lailuna piang zong kici uh hi. Pawl khatte in Sumpui munah Bochung khua sat uh a, tuate Lusei suan minam tuamtuamte hi-in, tua panin tulai taka Mizoram kici-ah kizeel uh hi.
A tai lote Zo minam pawlkhatte Yaw gamah thaam suak uh a, Kawlte tawh kiciau uh ahih manin Kawl bang buang, Zo bang buang khat suak uh hi. Kawlte in ‘Zo’ pen ‘Yaw’ ci-in gelh uh ahih manin ‘Yaw mi’ a suak uh hi. Zo minamte khamtung lamah a lomin a tai-ma-in khamtung gamah Khumi/Khamite na tung zo uh hih tuak hi. Asho-te pen khamtung kah lo-in Kawlzang leh Arakan zang lam zuan uh hi. Cho-te bang ci lal uh hiam cih ki theilo hi.
Hih bangin Zo minamte namdangte in a tuamtuama hong ciaptehna uh hang ahi zongin, ih lalna lampi zawi kibat lohna hangin ahi zongin, tu-in lom tuamtuamin kikhenin nam tampi ih kisuah hi. Hih banga lom tuamtuama ih omna in nidanga minam khat hi napi damdama a kikhenkhen maw, ahih kei leh nidanga minam tuam tek kihi napi damdama a kigawmgawm maw? cih ngaihsuthuaipi khat suak hi.
3. ZOMI NAM NI HONG PIAN KHIATNA ZIA
Zomi Nam Ni pen Tuunkha (February) 20 ni-in kiciamteh hi. Hih ni in muhna toi tawh hong piangkhia vat hilo-in minam leh gam itna lianpi tawh hong kipan khia ahi hi. Hih Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhiatna thu pen thuk-in zai-a, zong sang mahmah hi. Hih ni-in Zomite’ adingin suahtakna, ki-it kilemna, minam vai leh cikmah cianga a mangthang ngei nawnlo ding Zomite’ tangthu mungpi khat ahi hi.
Zomite’ adingin Zomi Nam Ni a hong piankhiatna thu tel taka ih theihtheih nadingin hih banga a hong piankhiatna tangthu tawmbeek ih theihloh kiphamawh hi. Mikang kumpi in ni suahna lam gamte hong keeka, India ciang hong tung ta hi. India panin Kawlgam khanglam teng 1824 kumin hong la hi. 1852 kum tak ciangin Kawlgam phellang hong laaksak khin ta uh hi. 1885 kum ciangin Kawlgam buppi hong nuaisiah uhhi.
Tua hun laitakin Zogam pen ei le ei ki-ukna India leh Kawlgam kikal-ah om hi. Zogam in Kumpi neilo-in mi khempeuh kumpi leh nautang kici hi. Ki-ukna Thukhunpi kineilo hi. Hih bangtengin gamkeek, huang-eu Mikangte in hong muh ciangun Zogam hong sim uh a, kum tampi hong sim khit 1896 ciangin Zogam hong la zo uh a, 1907 ciangin Zomite’ deihna hilo, Mikang kumpi deihna tawh ki-ukna hong bawlsakin Zomi tangpi tangta deihna donglo-a, Zomi leh Zogam uk ding Ukpi (Feudal Chief) hong guan ziau uhhi.
Tua banga hong bawlnate uh kithuak nuam tuan lo-in Kawlgam sunga om minam kimte tawh a kibangin Zomite in Mikangte ih dona tangthu ciaptehna-in Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhia ahi hi. Tua tangthu leh-et kik leng:-
1939 kum khit ciangin suahtakna ngah nanga hanciamna hong nasia semsem hi. Zomite’ khuamuhna zong hong zai semsema, Zomi Kipawlkhopna panmunlente in gamkeek Mikang kumpi’ tungah anuaia bangin nam 9 na ngen uh hi. Tuate in:-
`1. Zogam in Zanggam tawh a kibanga ki-ukna lama phattuamna angah nading.
2. Zogam ki-ukna pen Zomite deihna tawh kizui-a Thukhunpi bawlnang.
3. Pilna lam, cidamna lam leh sumzuak sumleinate a khantoh nanga puahphat nang.
4. Zogam pilna sanglam aman langa puahphat nang.
5. Suakta taka Biakna zuih theih nang.
6. Zogam lampi kizopna amanlanga hong bawlsak nang.
7. Zogam leh Zanggam suakta takin kikawm kizop theih nang.
8. Zomite mimam dangte tawh liangko kikima kizop theih nang.
9. Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah ciangin Zogam in zong a kibanga a ngah pah nang.
ci-in thu nam 9 na ngen uh hi.
Hih atunga ngetna nam 9 te Mikang kumpi in a piak ding sangsikin, hih kipawlna a bei nang hanciam lai hi. Makai teng zong gamvai (politics) a sep nawn loh nang uh thupia zawsop hi. Ahih hangin mipi-in Mikangte’ vaihawmna a deihlohna uh nakpi takin lakkhia uh ahih manin Kanpetlet pan Mikangte taikhia uh hi.
Kawlgam in Suahtakna ih ngah cil ahi 1949 kum-a ki-at Gambup Thukhunpi tawh kizui-in Paliman (Parliament) a a dawl tungnung leh a nuainung ci-in dei nih om hi. Zomi namte adingin tua Paliman dawl nih aitang palai puak ding hong kul ta hi. Palimanah Zomi tangpi tangtate’ lungkimna tawh a kitel palai puak ding ahih hangin Minam kim Palimante- ah gamke dangte bangin Ukpite leh Khawk-ukte’ tel palai puak ding maw- cih thu kitelkhiatna hong omta hi. Tua thu siangsak dingin Zomite kimtaka thu kikupkhopna akhatveina Zomi Nambup Khawmpi (Zomi National Conference) Falam khua-ah 1948 kum Tuun kha (February) kha 12 ni pan 22 ni dong nasia takin kibawl hi. Tua khawmpi a ni nihni-in Tedim pana Pu Thang Khaw Kai in thu sunna nei hi. Tua in Suahtakna ngah ma hun lai-in Zogamah Gamkeekte’ hong nutsiat gamah hoihlo ahi hi. Ukpite leh Khawkukte’ hong uk cipna hanga a piang mi zawng tangpi tangta’ tungah kilawm kituak lo-a siah donna, kuli vanpuate thaman pia lo-a sawlna, mizawng nautangte in khua-ul sisan luanga a thalawhsa, a sepsa tungah thuman lo-pi a laksakna, akipan a thuneihnate uh uang zatluatnate’ hangin nakpi takin gentheihna kithuak hi. Tua ahihmanin hih Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a zung natawmin longkhia-a ei leh ei suakta taka mipi’deih ngeina tawh ki-uk na’ng cih ahi hi. Tua a thusun pen Falam khua huam Lailun khua pan palai Pu Chun mang leh Kanpetlet pan palai Pu Thang Muangte nih in thukimpih pah uhhi. Tua a thusun thukimpihna mipi vote tawh a khensak uh ciangin mipi 5000 sung pan vote sagih bek in nial-a vote 4993 in thakhat thu-in lungkimpih ahih manin kikipsak pah hi. Hih banga atamzaw thukimna tawh Ukpi ngeina a kibeisak nadingin Zomi nam khempeuh mipi’ deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy huihdam kidik kha a, khuamuhna mittang hong keuh ta hi.
Hih banga kikhopna a kibawl khit phetin thuvaihawm pawl in Ukpite a kibeisak manin liauna (compensation) dangka 500,000 piapah hi. Tua dangka pen a zaa lianpen panin a zaa neupen dong 70,000; 20,000; 5000; 1000 leh 100 cih bangin seh hawmsak uh hi. Tua pana kipanin kum tampi a kithuak ki-ukcipna, kigawtna leh Ukpite’ siahkaihna khut nuai pan kisuakta ta hi.
1. Hih banga Falam khua-a a kibawl khawmpi in gamkeekte’ hong nutsiat gam hoihlo ahi ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a kibeisak bek tham lo-in,
Zomite’ khang tangthu sungah kithutuah diamdiama Zomi Nam Ni bawl theih denna ,
2. Mipi atamzaw deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy ngeina zatna
Suahtakna a ngah cil Kawlgam sunga teeng minam tuamtuamte tawh liangko kikim a,
3. Kipumkhatna ngahin ih gam a kip den na’ng leh Zomite minam vai lampan deihta kipanpihna zong ahi hi.
Gamkeekte’ hong guat gamh hoihlo Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a beina ni ciapteh nadingin Theinosih kha (February) 20 ni pen Zomi Nambup adingin ni thupi pen ni hi, cih Kawlgam sung bek thamlo leitung buppi in hong theihpih nading deihna tawh 1950 kumin Falam khua-ah Zomi Nam Ni nasia takin kibawla, tua lai-ah Kumpipa Sao Shwe Thaik leh a pawlte zong na kah uh hi. Hih bang teng ciangin “ZOMI NAM NI” hong piangkhia ahi hi. Zomi a kici peuhmah in hih ni thupi ni kumsimin bawl dena, a kip tawntung nadingin Zomi khempeuh ii mawhpuak ahi hi.
4. ZOMI NAM NI A PHAWK HUAI NA
February 20, 2002 ni pen Zomi namni kum 54 cinna hi ta hi. Ei Zogam khamtungah atung nunung pawl, kum zalom 14 hun peka kipanin eimau Hausa leh Ukpite tawh limtakin ki-ukna a kicianin ih nei hi. Mikhang gamkekte in, Kawlgam hong uk khit ciangin ei Zogam pen kawlgam ii gam khat (province) in 1896 September kha-in hong ciapteh sakin 1896 Chin Hills Regulation Act tawh ih zatngei Ukpi ki-ukna mah hong zang paisuak sak uh hi.
Kawlgambuppi in 1948 kumin suahtakna ki ngah kikin Parliamentary Democracy tawh ki-ukna hong kilaih ciangin, ei Zogamah zong Ukpi ngeina kizang nawnlo-in Council kiteelna tawh kilaih hi. Tuabang hoih tak a kilaih nadingin ei Zomibup in Falam khua-ah mihing Tulnga val kikhawmin thu khensat ni a hi February 20, 1948 pen Zominam ni ci-in 1951 kum ciangin ki kipsak hi.
Zomi namni hong tunsialin ngaih sut huai leh phawk huai a thupite lakah thu nih om kasa hi. Tuate in Ei Zomi kithutuah nading leh khantoh masuan zawh nading cihte a hi hi. Nidang lai-in Ki hawh kikawmna a haksat manin khua khat leh khua khat zong mindang pi kisa kha liang hi. Ih pau leh awkaihzia tawmtawm akilamdan manin mikhual-in ih kingaih sun kha liang hi. Tu-in khat leh khat kipi, kikawm, kimu, semkhawm a ih om ciangin midang sadang ih hih het lohna kiphawk semsemin kitheih siam, kisang siam ta hi hang.
50 veina Zominamni Golden Jubilee Yangon-ah a kibawl lai-in Zomite khantohna ciaptehna Golden Jubilee Commemorative Magazine laibu limci mahmah khat hong bawl khia uh hi. 52 veina Zomi nam ni bawl Yangon Commiteete in Zomi pianzia sutna, Ngeina, khantohna leh mailam ngimna ci-in Myone buppi sagih in sehin thukanna kinei a, tu-in a laibu-in Zomi nam ni lapin hong suak khia ta hi. Tua banah a thupi pen khat in ei Zomite Chin ci-in Kawlgam, Vaigamah hong kilawh hangin ei leh ei Zo, Lai, Cho, Sho, Yo, Yaw, Khu ci-in Myone zui a ih kilawh ngeingei pen phungpi khat, ih pianna ih Pu’ min kibang gegu pen lawhna leh ciaptehna kibang lo lel hi kha ding hi cih ciang kitungta hi.
Tu hunin Pilna, Siamna khangto mahmahin Kawlgam zong hong khangto ta hi. Kawlgam sung a om minam lakah ei Zomite zong a tuantual ih hih khak loh nading leh mailamah kithutuak a, masuan zawh nading nakpi takin tel a, Ih “ZOMI NAM NI” ih thupit sak ding phawk huai kasa mahmah hi.
Professor C. Thang Za Tuan
Deputy - Director General
Basic Education Dept.,
Ministry of Education, Myanmar
Laaksawnna:
1. [Zomi Beacon, Premier Issue 1995/1. pp.114-118. PublishedbyPublicity Department/ZRO, Lamka, Zogam, 1995 A.D.]
2. Ciimnuai Magazine, 1994, Zomi Siamsin Kipawlna, Univeristies of Yangon.
5. ZOTHAU HONG PIAN KHIATNA THU
Leitung mun tuamtuamah gal nanna ding galhiam, a khang khangin hong om suksuk hi. Tulai taka a kizang thaute pen Europe gamah 1326 AD kumin kizang ta a, gal do nadingin kum zalom sawm-le-li pawlin kipan hi ci-in ki ciamteh hi.
A.D Kum zalom sawm-le-nga hun khawnga kipanin nitumna lam gamah mikangte' pilna hong khangin, sum bawl sumzuakna hong khang a, set tawh nasepnate hong om hi. Tua huna kipan Mikangte in mun tuamtuamah siahgam (provincial colony) hong zong ciat uh hi. English mikangte in kum zalom sawm-le-sagih kiim pawlin India gamah phualpi hong sat uh hi. Tua pan French-te in tuh nuam ahih manin French leh Englishte hong kikap hi. Tua-ah a gam ukpite pen sum leh thauvui thautang tawh huh tuak uh ahih manin India gam leh Kawlgam sungah thau hong tam mahmah ta hi. Tua bangin Mikang kumpi'n Kawlgam Mizogam leh Manipur gamte a lak khit cianga a gammite' thauvui thautang neihte khempeuh khopsak ahih manin, a mawkna-a Mikang kumpite' khut tunga a piak sangin Zogamah zuak uh a, sum suah uh hi. Tua bangin Zogam nangawnah thau hong leetkhia hi.
(a) Zo thau tam hong kipatna:
Nidanglai thau a om ma-in, ih pu ih pate in sa leh gal zong, lum leh tei tawh na that uh a, "Zanga vuisa vannuai siing ii lel, Tangsial bang sun ta'nge, Tuai zong um tui bang ka khuai hi"na ci uh hi. Pu Khan Thuam uk hun bei kuanin Kawlgam, Mizogam leh Manipur gam panin a kila thau om pianpian ta hi. Ahih hangin thau tam nai lo a, lum leh tei mah kitam zat lai hi. Ukpipa Kam Hau hong khan ciangin (1848) thau hong tam pianpian ta hi. 1857 kumin Pu Kam Hau te’n Manipur gam singtang khua khat va sim gawp uh a, Meiteite zong thangpai gawpin a Leengpa uh Chandra Kirti Singh(Ngameingam) leh a galkap 2000 val Kam Hau do dingin Tedim zuanin hong kuan uh hi. Singgial Khawtaw Meitei gun kianga om Suangsuang kicihna munah nasia takin kikap uh a, Meiteite a guallelh ciangin a suakta sunte tai uh a, a thau nusiat teng uh singhawm suanghawm sunga a seelte uh a kimu tawh, tui sung pana kingah tawh a kikaihkhop ciangin Zogamah thau hong tam thei pan hi. Pu Khaw Cin hun ciangin thau hong kicing pian ta a, Zogam a Mikangte hong tun hun 1890 kum bekin zong Zomite thaulawng 2173 hong khawmkhia uh hi.
(b) Zomi leh thau kikhen theilo:
Ih Pu ih pate in thaulawng tawh kisai koici bang ngaihsutna nei hiam cih ciangin: Nidanglai-in sa leh gal mah thupi pen hi. Lum leh tei pen mihing khat leh khat ahi a, ganhing khat peuh tawh kitanglaina bang bekah kizang thei a, thau pen a lum leh tei zatte uh tawh tehin hong kikhai mahmah hi. Thau a kitawi ciangin gal leh sa tungah gualzawhna thakhatin hong khang hi. Tua bangin Zomite' nuntakna-ah thau hong thupi mahmah ta ahih manin a luang uh tawh na khek ngam ta uh hi. Mikang Kumpite in Zogama thau khempeuh hong khopsak na na sa mahmah uh a, a tat kik nadingin a neih a lamh khempeuh uh pia ngam uh hi. A thaulawng a it manin a sihlawh zong om ahih manin "Zomite in a zi sangin a thaulawng a it zaw hi" cih dongin Kawlgam sungah kiciamteh hi.
Ih pu ih pate in thaulawng tawh a lungsim ngaihsutna uh na genkhia uh hi. Gal leh sa a mat-a a lungdam mahmah ciangin khawmual ah hanla sa-in thau lawnin mualsuah uh hi. Tua bek hilo-in sih ni ciangin pasal kap ngei lo-in a kah tangin min sialin thau lawn hi. Tua pen a kah tanga a ngaihsut ahi hi. Tua bangin Zomi pasal khat thau tawh kikhen thei lo hi:
(a) Taang hing ci a zangkhen kawlciang ko liang a bang kimciat a sangsa mualsuah leh taang kilawm e,taang kilawm e,
(b) Sangsa mualsuah leh taang kilawme, pupa khuamual a va don ding tuk lu pal zep leh lia kilawm, lia kilawme” ci-in thau thupi asakna uh la-in na sa uh hi.
(c) Thauvui bawlna thu:
Mikangte hong tun hunin Zomite in thau nei khin bek tham lo-in thauvui nangawn bawl thei khin hi. Tua ahih manin Mikangte na dawn bawl lo uh hi. Thauvui bawl thei ahih manin Zothau tawh galleh sa adeih a ut bangun na kap zo uh hi.
Innuai ek-awng mun, ek nelna muna leite leh innuai niin teng khawmin, beel sungah tui tawh kidiah hi. Tua eklei diahna tui pen vuttui bangin kikhaih a, tua a kikhaihkhia tui (nitrate) pen citui bangin al hi. Eklei kikhaihkhiatna tui la-in citui huanin kihuan leuleu hi. Citui ih huan ciangin Zoci hong suah mah bangin, tua eklei tui huan leng hong ha liuleu a, tua pen eklei kici pah hi. Tua eklei panin thauvui ih deih bangbangin kibawl thei ta hi. Phalbi hunin eklei kihuan thei zaw deuh hi.
Thauvui a suah theih nadingin kaat (sulphur) tawh hel kul a, kaat piankhiat nadingin gatang hal keu-in kisuvui hi. Tua lo-in, theidam sing ahih kei leh hongma sing ten nenin kihal a, tua meiholte kivuisak hi. Tu-in ekleivui hai khat leh meihol vui hai khat helin tui kinelsak a, sumah a vui siang dong kisu hi. Tua bangin a vui siang dimdem dong nihvei thumvei dong kisu kikkik a, thauvui hong piang hi. A hoih leh hoih loh theih nadingin thauvui tawm khat la-in la, hal masa-in, Thauvui khu a tunga a len toh leh a hoih kici hi. A khu lei-ah a bial leh hoih nai lo kici a, kisu lai hi. Numeite in thauvui su leh sa kiman thei hi, kici hi. Mikangte hong khan ciangin kumpi sung panin kaat (sulphur) baih takin kingah thei ta hi.
Thulakna:
Zoheisa Magazine 1988
Zomite in thumanna leh cihtakna thupi sak uh a, tuate ciaptehna dingin vaphualin a kiciamteh uh hi. A pau a ham uh kithei lo-in, Kawlgam Vaigamah kikhen uh a, ngeina nangawn damdamin ki gamla deuhdeuh ding tawh kibang napi, Zomi kici nam khempeuh in amau leh amau a kiciapteh nadingin “Vaphual” a zang khawm thei uh hi. A tangthu a nuaia bang a hi hi.
Ni dang lai-in Lawi Thang leh Sial Lian kici unau nih om a, Lawi Thang a uzaw hi-in, Sial Lian a nau zaw ahi hi. A neu mahmah lai-un a nu uh si a, a pa un zikik a nei hi. A nukik un Lawi Thang leh Sial Lian it lo-in bangcih leng hih naupang nih tawh kigamla thei ding cih bekbek a ngaihsun thapaai hi. A pasal kiangah, “Hih naupang liakluak nih tawh khuasa khawm theilo ding ka hih manin, na siamsiamin mundangah hawlkhia in” a ci hi. A pa in a tapate nih hehpih huaisa-in it mahmah napi a zi’ phunphun thuak hak sa mahmah hi.
Ni khat a pa in paalbawm lianpi khat a phanphan laitakin a tate hong pai in, “Pa! na bawm phanphan bang ding a hia?” ci-in a dot uh leh a pa un, “Gun a suang no mau ciacia ka puakna ding ka cih hi ven” ci-in a dawng hi. A zawh ciangin a tate sam a, “Tate, hih bawmpi sungah na ta uh hiam hong kisin dih sin vua le” a ci hi. A tate zong lungdam mahmahin, hong kisin teltel uh a, a ta uh hi. Tualai takin a pa un bawmpi kisuanin khuanawl lam a zawtpih vingveng hi.
Mual khat a khup ciangin, “Tate! hih lai-ah hong nusia leng innlam na thei lai ding uh hia?” a cih leh a tate in “Thei mah nung pa! Hih khawng ka sing tom zelna uh hi lo maw” a ci uh hi. Pai leuleu-in mual khat a khup ciangin, a pa in “Tate hih lai-ah hong nusia leng innlam na thei lai ding uh hia?” a ci kik hi. A tate in “Thei buang ee, pa! Pute’ sial pute’bawng ka cincinna uh hi lo maw!” a ci uh hi. Pai leuleu-in mual khat a khup kik ciangin, “Tate! hih lai-ah hong nusia leng, innlam na thei lai ding uh hia?” a cih kik leh, a tate in “Thei nawn kei nung, Bang ci-in maw pa! Hong nusia ken maw pa!” a ci uh hi. A pa un tua lai-ah khawlpih a, a tate hik khawng khah khawng a etsak khit ciangin a ihmu sak hi.
A tate a ihmut sip khit ciangin a pa in a hikte a khahte’ kiangah, “Ka tate in hong sap leh ‘Hawi” na ci un” ci-in vaikhakin, nung hei kawmkawmin a ciahsan hi. A tate a khanlawh ciangin, khua pangsan hun hi ta a, a kiim a paam a et uh leh a pa uh a mu kei uh hi. “Pa, pa aw” ci-in a sapsap uh leh hikte khahte in “hawi” ci-in a na dawng uh hi. Unaute in a cih nang uh thei nawn lo-in, a gil uh kial mahmah a, a kapkap uh hi. Gamlakah nektheih zongin a vaak leihleih uh hi. Nektheih a muh peuhpeuh uh, phalhawmin a ne uh hi.
Ni khat vasa bu khat mu uh a, a u in a va et saisai leh vaphual tui tang khat a na om hi. Khia suk leh lah kitam ding, ne leh lah a nau in ngawl ding ahih manin a u in a kam sungah muanin sing tung pan hong kum suk hi. Leilak a tunma-in vaphual tui taamin valh kha a, vaphual a suak pah hi. A naupa in a upa vaphual a suah ciangin dah mahmahin amah kia a kapkap hi. A u in “Nau aw kapkap kei ou! Nek theih singgah ka muh peuhpeuh hong puak ning aw, Lau ken aw” a ci hi. A u zong singgah zongin a lenlen leh munkhatah gam hoih gam nuam mahmah khat mu a, a naupa samin tua khua-ah a tengsak hi. A naupa in tua khua-ah a sep peuhpeuh lawhcing a, a khawi peuhpeuh pung mahmahin, a sawt lo-in mihau mahmah khat a suak hi. Zi nei-in ta nei-in nuam a sa mahmah hi. Nek leh dawn kiningcing mahmah a, khua hausa nangawn a sem hi. A upa in zong vilkik nawn lo-in kum sau veipi a kikhen uh hi.
Ni khat ni ciangin, a naupa Sial Lian in ton ding hong vaihawm hi. Zu leh sa na khempeuh kicing khin dildel a, a nunung penin a upa a sam nuam hi. Tua ahih manin a upa a sam dingin vasa khempeuh a kaikhawm hi. “Ka upa sam nuam hi veeng, kua in hong sapsak thei ding uh ham a ?” a cih leh Baibek in, “Ken sam thei ning ei” a ci pah buatbuat hi. “Bang ci sap sawm na hia?” a cih leh, “Belek, belek” ka ci ding hi a ci hi. Vasa khempeuh in a nuihsan ngeeingai uh hi. Sial Lian in “Nang sam thei kei ni ciai” a cih khit ciangin, vasa khempeuh a banbanin kisinsak a, a sam thei ding kuamah a mu kei hi. A nunung petpet ciangin, Vavui in, “Kei hong kisin dih ning ee” a ci hi. Sial Lian in “bang ci sap sawm na hia?” a cih leh, Vavui in “Tu, tu, tu, tu git ka ta aw e nau in Tonkhuang kai ee, phual aw hong zo in ka ci,” ka ci ding hi a ci hi. Tua ciangin Sial Lian in “Nang sam thei mah ni ciai “ ci-in a u sam dingin a sawl hi.
Ton kipat ni zingsangin, a u Lawi Thang hong tung huak-huak takpi a, inntual tungah hong laam hi. Sial Lian zong nuam mahmahin, a inntual laizangah hong pai a, a u a muak hi. A u in a mul khat botin a khiatsuk leh, a nau in hoihsa mahmah a a lukhu tungah totin mipi lai-ah a laam hi. Sial Lian lam siam mahmah si, vaphual mul tawh lah kilawm mahmah si ahih manin mi khempeuh in hoihsa-in a eng mahmah uh hi. Papi khempeuh in vaphual mul ngen pah ngeingai uh a, a u in zong a mul neih khempeuh botbotin a khiatkhiat hi. A nu kik in zong a nget leh, vaphual in a ekpeek a, a kamsung Tu-in a si pah hi. Vaphual in a kha a mei a bei dong botbotin khiatkhiat ahih manin a tawpna ciangin leng thei nawnlo-in leilakah hong kia a, a naupa in a tangsaal-ah a kem hi. A nau in a mei a kha a kim dong a kep a vak khit ciangin a khah kik hi.
A u in a len khiat kik ding ciangin, a naupa’ kiangah khitui mualtuang sa in “Nau! hih lai mun sang a nuamzaw gam khat mu khin ka hi aw. Tua lai-ah a tawntung ih tenkhop theih nading ni khat ni ciang hong sam ding ka hi. Tua lai mun nong tunnop leh thumanna leh cihtakna kiptakin len tinten in la, na nuntakpih in aw. Tuate ih gamh a hi. Mangngilh het ken aw Sial Lian!” ci-in a vaikhak khit ciangin a leng khia vingveng hi. Tua huna kipanin tuni dong vaphual ahi a u Lawi Thang leh a naupa SialLian a kimu nawn kei uh hi.
2. Vaphual thu khat leuleu-ah:
Vaphual nupa a kici pen vasa dangte bang lo-in a ki-it pha diakte uh ahi hi. A nu hiam a pa hiam khat a si om leh lungleng lua-in amah guak om nuam salo hi. Van sangpi-ah lengin sangpi atun ciangin lei-ah kikia sakin kisih bawl tangial ci uh hi. Tua banah a bu sungah a tui a nu in a op ciangin, hoih takin a bu khempeuh singnai tawh hu bit sitsetin a luthawl theih nading mun khat bek vangsak a, apa in an zongin vak khia-in a nu an va puak zelzel hi. A hi zongin a om loh kalin mun khat vangsak, keh sak kha leh apa lungkim lo-in “nang ciampel, ka om loh kalin midang tawh kizom hi teh, ci-in an puak nawnlo, don nawnlo ahih manin a nu pen a bu sung pan lah leng khia thei nawnlo-in tua bangin a bu sungah si-in muat cip lel hi, ci-in khanglui te’n na gen uh hi. Ki sihpih ngam zah dong a ki it ahih hangun a ciampel aom ciangin ki nusia ngam mahmah uh hi.
Tua hi a, hih VAPHUAL’ cihtakna leh ki-itna thupi sa-in ei Zomite in Zomi kiciaptehna-in ih nei hi.
2. KUA TENG ZOMI?
I
Zomite in ‘Zosuante’ ih cih, Mizo ten ‘Zo hnahthlak’ a cih teng pen British kumpi in hong awp-ma-in amau hong ciaptehna-ah ‘wild hill tribes’ ci-in, ih gam pen ‘un-administered area’, ci uh hi. Zosuan laka nitumna lam a tung masate pen Bengali leh Assamese ten ‘Kuki’ ci-in na ciamteh uh a, hih pen Mikang lai tawh a kiciaptehna 1792 kum hi ding hi. British kumpi in 1872 kuma Mizoram lak a kipat ciangin, tua lai taka Lusei kampau tam pen a hihna tawh a gam pen ‘Lushai Hills’ vawh pah hi. Kawlgam lamah ahih leh ‘Chin’ ci-in hong ciamteh hi. Ahi zongin ‘Chin’ cih kammal bang cihna, koi pan hong kipan, bang huna hong piang cih kankhiatna taktak om nailo hi. Lam khat panin Zo minamte Chin hong kicihna Kawlte hong lawhna a kikawm maw? ahih kei leh Mikang galkap ten Chin hills-a Hausa a tuak masak pen uh Pu Khaw Cin min tapsaka ‘Khaw Cin hills/ Cin hills’ a ci zong hi zaw kha thei hi. Bang teng hi ta leh, Chin pen tu huna Myanmar a kici gam lama om teng hong kitangsak zaw deuhin, India gam lama om teng Lushai ahih kei leh Kuki, cih kitangsak zaw deuh hi. Mikangte in Zo minam teng mi khat sa khata hong muhna tawh lom khata hong lawhnop uh ciangin ‘Chin-Kuki’ cih bang, ‘Chin-Lushai’ cih bang, ‘Chin-Lushai-Kuki’ cih bang zang uh hi. Tua ahih manin British kumpi in Zo minamte tenna teng uk nadinga 1896 kuma a bawl thukhun zong ‘Chin Hills Regulation Act’ vawh ziau hi. Hih thukhun pen Chin hills baanah Lushaite, Kukite leh Nagate teenna teng huamsakin kizang hi.
Mikangte in Chin, Kuki, Lushai ci-a hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mah in, “Amau pen Chin hiam, Kuki hiam kici het lo mah uh hi ven,” hong ci kik veve uh hi. J.G Scott in a laibu, ‘Burma’ cihah, “The names Kuki and Chin are not national, and like others, the people do not accept the name given to them by the Burmese and ourselves; they do not call themselves Chins and they equally flout the name of Kuki which their Assamese and Bengali neighbours use. They call themselves Zhou or Shu, and in other parts Yo (Zo) or Lai” ci-in, Dr. G.A. Grierson leh midangte muhna mah tawh kituakin na gelh hi. Bertram S. Carey leh H.N. Tuck ten zong Zote, Thadote leh Guite thu a gelhkhopna-ah “These Zos, Thados and Guites are called by the Manipuri’s Kuki or Khongjais, who only made their acquaintance after they had migrated north, but the people call themselves by the name of Zo (Yo)” ci-in na ciamteh uh hi. Guite Innpipa Pu Go Khaw Thang zong, “Go Khaw Thang, who, as already related, was seized by the Manipuris in the course of the Lushai expedition of 1871-72, was the Zo Chief of Mualpi,” ci-in Zo hausa mah na ci uh hi. Mikangte in Chin, Kuki in hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mahin ei le ei Chin peuh, Kuki peuh i kicih mel leh sa tawh kizui-in Leitung minam lompi thum om laka Mongoloid minam hiang khat hi-in, kampau tawh kizuia Mongoloid minam lompi thum laka Tibeto-Burman hiang loh lam hong tel mahmah uh hi. Mikangte in Chin-Lushai-Kuki hong cih hang, amau mahin ei-le-ei ‘Zo’ kici uh hong cih mah bangin, tu panin hih sungah ‘Zo minam’ ci-in kizang ta ding hi.
Zo minamte pen minam thu kante in Mongolian mite suan… Tibeto-Burman laka mi…” hi-in gen uh a, kipom kim thei tek hi leh kilawm hi. ‘Mongol’ pen minam min hi-in, ‘Mongolian’ pen zepna kammal (adjective) hi a, ‘Mongolia’ cih a gam min genna-in kizang hi. ‘Mongoloid’ cih leuleu pen ‘Mongol’ minam suan leh khak teng genna-in kizanghi.
Tua hi a,Zominamte in khat ihi hi. Zo minamte in ih bul ih phung taktak (ethnic origin) a kikankhia nailo ahih hangin ei pen Tibet gam tawnin Sengam pan Kawlzangah tungin, tua panin tu-a ih omna tengah a kizeel hi hang, cih ih pom thei tek hi. Pu Vum Son’ muhna-ah ih minam min ‘Zo’ cih pen ‘Zo’ kici mi khat’ suante ih hih man hi, ci hi. Tua ih pu ih pate gam in Sengamah ei tawh ih kibatpih Tibet mite, Kawl, Naga, Meitei, Bodo, Kachin, Lahute tawh teengkhawm hi. Sengam panin Jesuh suahma pekin sim lamah kitaikhia-in, Jesuh suah khit kum za khawng ciangin Chindwin gamkuamtengah kiteeng ta hi, cihi.
Kawlzang panin Zo minamte AD 1000 kum pawl panin nitumna lam khamtung gamah tai kipan ta dingin kituat hi. Khamtung gama a tai, pawlkhatte in Ciimnuai khua sat uh a, tuate pen tulai taka ‘Zomi’ a kici Tedim gam, Tonzang gam, Manipur gam leh Mizoram donga teeng, Ciimnuai-a piang a kici teng hi. Ciimnuai khua mun in tulai taka Saizang khua khang ahi hi. Pawl khatte in Sunthla khua kiangah Lailun khua sat uh a, tuate tulai taka ‘Lai’ a kici- Falam, Haka leh Thantlang mite hi-in, Lailuna piang zong kici uh hi. Pawl khatte in Sumpui munah Bochung khua sat uh a, tuate Lusei suan minam tuamtuamte hi-in, tua panin tulai taka Mizoram kici-ah kizeel uh hi.
A tai lote Zo minam pawlkhatte Yaw gamah thaam suak uh a, Kawlte tawh kiciau uh ahih manin Kawl bang buang, Zo bang buang khat suak uh hi. Kawlte in ‘Zo’ pen ‘Yaw’ ci-in gelh uh ahih manin ‘Yaw mi’ a suak uh hi. Zo minamte khamtung lamah a lomin a tai-ma-in khamtung gamah Khumi/Khamite na tung zo uh hih tuak hi. Asho-te pen khamtung kah lo-in Kawlzang leh Arakan zang lam zuan uh hi. Cho-te bang ci lal uh hiam cih ki theilo hi.
Hih bangin Zo minamte namdangte in a tuamtuama hong ciaptehna uh hang ahi zongin, ih lalna lampi zawi kibat lohna hangin ahi zongin, tu-in lom tuamtuamin kikhenin nam tampi ih kisuah hi. Hih banga lom tuamtuama ih omna in nidanga minam khat hi napi damdama a kikhenkhen maw, ahih kei leh nidanga minam tuam tek kihi napi damdama a kigawmgawm maw? cih ngaihsuthuaipi khat suak hi.
3. ZOMI NAM NI HONG PIAN KHIATNA ZIA
Zomi Nam Ni pen Tuunkha (February) 20 ni-in kiciamteh hi. Hih ni in muhna toi tawh hong piangkhia vat hilo-in minam leh gam itna lianpi tawh hong kipan khia ahi hi. Hih Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhiatna thu pen thuk-in zai-a, zong sang mahmah hi. Hih ni-in Zomite’ adingin suahtakna, ki-it kilemna, minam vai leh cikmah cianga a mangthang ngei nawnlo ding Zomite’ tangthu mungpi khat ahi hi.
Zomite’ adingin Zomi Nam Ni a hong piankhiatna thu tel taka ih theihtheih nadingin hih banga a hong piankhiatna tangthu tawmbeek ih theihloh kiphamawh hi. Mikang kumpi in ni suahna lam gamte hong keeka, India ciang hong tung ta hi. India panin Kawlgam khanglam teng 1824 kumin hong la hi. 1852 kum tak ciangin Kawlgam phellang hong laaksak khin ta uh hi. 1885 kum ciangin Kawlgam buppi hong nuaisiah uhhi.
Tua hun laitakin Zogam pen ei le ei ki-ukna India leh Kawlgam kikal-ah om hi. Zogam in Kumpi neilo-in mi khempeuh kumpi leh nautang kici hi. Ki-ukna Thukhunpi kineilo hi. Hih bangtengin gamkeek, huang-eu Mikangte in hong muh ciangun Zogam hong sim uh a, kum tampi hong sim khit 1896 ciangin Zogam hong la zo uh a, 1907 ciangin Zomite’ deihna hilo, Mikang kumpi deihna tawh ki-ukna hong bawlsakin Zomi tangpi tangta deihna donglo-a, Zomi leh Zogam uk ding Ukpi (Feudal Chief) hong guan ziau uhhi.
Tua banga hong bawlnate uh kithuak nuam tuan lo-in Kawlgam sunga om minam kimte tawh a kibangin Zomite in Mikangte ih dona tangthu ciaptehna-in Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhia ahi hi. Tua tangthu leh-et kik leng:-
1939 kum khit ciangin suahtakna ngah nanga hanciamna hong nasia semsem hi. Zomite’ khuamuhna zong hong zai semsema, Zomi Kipawlkhopna panmunlente in gamkeek Mikang kumpi’ tungah anuaia bangin nam 9 na ngen uh hi. Tuate in:-
`1. Zogam in Zanggam tawh a kibanga ki-ukna lama phattuamna angah nading.
2. Zogam ki-ukna pen Zomite deihna tawh kizui-a Thukhunpi bawlnang.
3. Pilna lam, cidamna lam leh sumzuak sumleinate a khantoh nanga puahphat nang.
4. Zogam pilna sanglam aman langa puahphat nang.
5. Suakta taka Biakna zuih theih nang.
6. Zogam lampi kizopna amanlanga hong bawlsak nang.
7. Zogam leh Zanggam suakta takin kikawm kizop theih nang.
8. Zomite mimam dangte tawh liangko kikima kizop theih nang.
9. Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah ciangin Zogam in zong a kibanga a ngah pah nang.
ci-in thu nam 9 na ngen uh hi.
Hih atunga ngetna nam 9 te Mikang kumpi in a piak ding sangsikin, hih kipawlna a bei nang hanciam lai hi. Makai teng zong gamvai (politics) a sep nawn loh nang uh thupia zawsop hi. Ahih hangin mipi-in Mikangte’ vaihawmna a deihlohna uh nakpi takin lakkhia uh ahih manin Kanpetlet pan Mikangte taikhia uh hi.
Kawlgam in Suahtakna ih ngah cil ahi 1949 kum-a ki-at Gambup Thukhunpi tawh kizui-in Paliman (Parliament) a a dawl tungnung leh a nuainung ci-in dei nih om hi. Zomi namte adingin tua Paliman dawl nih aitang palai puak ding hong kul ta hi. Palimanah Zomi tangpi tangtate’ lungkimna tawh a kitel palai puak ding ahih hangin Minam kim Palimante- ah gamke dangte bangin Ukpite leh Khawk-ukte’ tel palai puak ding maw- cih thu kitelkhiatna hong omta hi. Tua thu siangsak dingin Zomite kimtaka thu kikupkhopna akhatveina Zomi Nambup Khawmpi (Zomi National Conference) Falam khua-ah 1948 kum Tuun kha (February) kha 12 ni pan 22 ni dong nasia takin kibawl hi. Tua khawmpi a ni nihni-in Tedim pana Pu Thang Khaw Kai in thu sunna nei hi. Tua in Suahtakna ngah ma hun lai-in Zogamah Gamkeekte’ hong nutsiat gamah hoihlo ahi hi. Ukpite leh Khawkukte’ hong uk cipna hanga a piang mi zawng tangpi tangta’ tungah kilawm kituak lo-a siah donna, kuli vanpuate thaman pia lo-a sawlna, mizawng nautangte in khua-ul sisan luanga a thalawhsa, a sepsa tungah thuman lo-pi a laksakna, akipan a thuneihnate uh uang zatluatnate’ hangin nakpi takin gentheihna kithuak hi. Tua ahihmanin hih Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a zung natawmin longkhia-a ei leh ei suakta taka mipi’deih ngeina tawh ki-uk na’ng cih ahi hi. Tua a thusun pen Falam khua huam Lailun khua pan palai Pu Chun mang leh Kanpetlet pan palai Pu Thang Muangte nih in thukimpih pah uhhi. Tua a thusun thukimpihna mipi vote tawh a khensak uh ciangin mipi 5000 sung pan vote sagih bek in nial-a vote 4993 in thakhat thu-in lungkimpih ahih manin kikipsak pah hi. Hih banga atamzaw thukimna tawh Ukpi ngeina a kibeisak nadingin Zomi nam khempeuh mipi’ deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy huihdam kidik kha a, khuamuhna mittang hong keuh ta hi.
Hih banga kikhopna a kibawl khit phetin thuvaihawm pawl in Ukpite a kibeisak manin liauna (compensation) dangka 500,000 piapah hi. Tua dangka pen a zaa lianpen panin a zaa neupen dong 70,000; 20,000; 5000; 1000 leh 100 cih bangin seh hawmsak uh hi. Tua pana kipanin kum tampi a kithuak ki-ukcipna, kigawtna leh Ukpite’ siahkaihna khut nuai pan kisuakta ta hi.
1. Hih banga Falam khua-a a kibawl khawmpi in gamkeekte’ hong nutsiat gam hoihlo ahi ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a kibeisak bek tham lo-in,
Zomite’ khang tangthu sungah kithutuah diamdiama Zomi Nam Ni bawl theih denna ,
2. Mipi atamzaw deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy ngeina zatna
Suahtakna a ngah cil Kawlgam sunga teeng minam tuamtuamte tawh liangko kikim a,
3. Kipumkhatna ngahin ih gam a kip den na’ng leh Zomite minam vai lampan deihta kipanpihna zong ahi hi.
Gamkeekte’ hong guat gamh hoihlo Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a beina ni ciapteh nadingin Theinosih kha (February) 20 ni pen Zomi Nambup adingin ni thupi pen ni hi, cih Kawlgam sung bek thamlo leitung buppi in hong theihpih nading deihna tawh 1950 kumin Falam khua-ah Zomi Nam Ni nasia takin kibawla, tua lai-ah Kumpipa Sao Shwe Thaik leh a pawlte zong na kah uh hi. Hih bang teng ciangin “ZOMI NAM NI” hong piangkhia ahi hi. Zomi a kici peuhmah in hih ni thupi ni kumsimin bawl dena, a kip tawntung nadingin Zomi khempeuh ii mawhpuak ahi hi.
4. ZOMI NAM NI A PHAWK HUAI NA
February 20, 2002 ni pen Zomi namni kum 54 cinna hi ta hi. Ei Zogam khamtungah atung nunung pawl, kum zalom 14 hun peka kipanin eimau Hausa leh Ukpite tawh limtakin ki-ukna a kicianin ih nei hi. Mikhang gamkekte in, Kawlgam hong uk khit ciangin ei Zogam pen kawlgam ii gam khat (province) in 1896 September kha-in hong ciapteh sakin 1896 Chin Hills Regulation Act tawh ih zatngei Ukpi ki-ukna mah hong zang paisuak sak uh hi.
Kawlgambuppi in 1948 kumin suahtakna ki ngah kikin Parliamentary Democracy tawh ki-ukna hong kilaih ciangin, ei Zogamah zong Ukpi ngeina kizang nawnlo-in Council kiteelna tawh kilaih hi. Tuabang hoih tak a kilaih nadingin ei Zomibup in Falam khua-ah mihing Tulnga val kikhawmin thu khensat ni a hi February 20, 1948 pen Zominam ni ci-in 1951 kum ciangin ki kipsak hi.
Zomi namni hong tunsialin ngaih sut huai leh phawk huai a thupite lakah thu nih om kasa hi. Tuate in Ei Zomi kithutuah nading leh khantoh masuan zawh nading cihte a hi hi. Nidang lai-in Ki hawh kikawmna a haksat manin khua khat leh khua khat zong mindang pi kisa kha liang hi. Ih pau leh awkaihzia tawmtawm akilamdan manin mikhual-in ih kingaih sun kha liang hi. Tu-in khat leh khat kipi, kikawm, kimu, semkhawm a ih om ciangin midang sadang ih hih het lohna kiphawk semsemin kitheih siam, kisang siam ta hi hang.
50 veina Zominamni Golden Jubilee Yangon-ah a kibawl lai-in Zomite khantohna ciaptehna Golden Jubilee Commemorative Magazine laibu limci mahmah khat hong bawl khia uh hi. 52 veina Zomi nam ni bawl Yangon Commiteete in Zomi pianzia sutna, Ngeina, khantohna leh mailam ngimna ci-in Myone buppi sagih in sehin thukanna kinei a, tu-in a laibu-in Zomi nam ni lapin hong suak khia ta hi. Tua banah a thupi pen khat in ei Zomite Chin ci-in Kawlgam, Vaigamah hong kilawh hangin ei leh ei Zo, Lai, Cho, Sho, Yo, Yaw, Khu ci-in Myone zui a ih kilawh ngeingei pen phungpi khat, ih pianna ih Pu’ min kibang gegu pen lawhna leh ciaptehna kibang lo lel hi kha ding hi cih ciang kitungta hi.
Tu hunin Pilna, Siamna khangto mahmahin Kawlgam zong hong khangto ta hi. Kawlgam sung a om minam lakah ei Zomite zong a tuantual ih hih khak loh nading leh mailamah kithutuak a, masuan zawh nading nakpi takin tel a, Ih “ZOMI NAM NI” ih thupit sak ding phawk huai kasa mahmah hi.
Professor C. Thang Za Tuan
Deputy - Director General
Basic Education Dept.,
Ministry of Education, Myanmar
Laaksawnna:
1. [Zomi Beacon, Premier Issue 1995/1. pp.114-118. PublishedbyPublicity Department/ZRO, Lamka, Zogam, 1995 A.D.]
2. Ciimnuai Magazine, 1994, Zomi Siamsin Kipawlna, Univeristies of Yangon.
5. ZOTHAU HONG PIAN KHIATNA THU
Leitung mun tuamtuamah gal nanna ding galhiam, a khang khangin hong om suksuk hi. Tulai taka a kizang thaute pen Europe gamah 1326 AD kumin kizang ta a, gal do nadingin kum zalom sawm-le-li pawlin kipan hi ci-in ki ciamteh hi.
A.D Kum zalom sawm-le-nga hun khawnga kipanin nitumna lam gamah mikangte' pilna hong khangin, sum bawl sumzuakna hong khang a, set tawh nasepnate hong om hi. Tua huna kipan Mikangte in mun tuamtuamah siahgam (provincial colony) hong zong ciat uh hi. English mikangte in kum zalom sawm-le-sagih kiim pawlin India gamah phualpi hong sat uh hi. Tua pan French-te in tuh nuam ahih manin French leh Englishte hong kikap hi. Tua-ah a gam ukpite pen sum leh thauvui thautang tawh huh tuak uh ahih manin India gam leh Kawlgam sungah thau hong tam mahmah ta hi. Tua bangin Mikang kumpi'n Kawlgam Mizogam leh Manipur gamte a lak khit cianga a gammite' thauvui thautang neihte khempeuh khopsak ahih manin, a mawkna-a Mikang kumpite' khut tunga a piak sangin Zogamah zuak uh a, sum suah uh hi. Tua bangin Zogam nangawnah thau hong leetkhia hi.
(a) Zo thau tam hong kipatna:
Nidanglai thau a om ma-in, ih pu ih pate in sa leh gal zong, lum leh tei tawh na that uh a, "Zanga vuisa vannuai siing ii lel, Tangsial bang sun ta'nge, Tuai zong um tui bang ka khuai hi"na ci uh hi. Pu Khan Thuam uk hun bei kuanin Kawlgam, Mizogam leh Manipur gam panin a kila thau om pianpian ta hi. Ahih hangin thau tam nai lo a, lum leh tei mah kitam zat lai hi. Ukpipa Kam Hau hong khan ciangin (1848) thau hong tam pianpian ta hi. 1857 kumin Pu Kam Hau te’n Manipur gam singtang khua khat va sim gawp uh a, Meiteite zong thangpai gawpin a Leengpa uh Chandra Kirti Singh(Ngameingam) leh a galkap 2000 val Kam Hau do dingin Tedim zuanin hong kuan uh hi. Singgial Khawtaw Meitei gun kianga om Suangsuang kicihna munah nasia takin kikap uh a, Meiteite a guallelh ciangin a suakta sunte tai uh a, a thau nusiat teng uh singhawm suanghawm sunga a seelte uh a kimu tawh, tui sung pana kingah tawh a kikaihkhop ciangin Zogamah thau hong tam thei pan hi. Pu Khaw Cin hun ciangin thau hong kicing pian ta a, Zogam a Mikangte hong tun hun 1890 kum bekin zong Zomite thaulawng 2173 hong khawmkhia uh hi.
(b) Zomi leh thau kikhen theilo:
Ih Pu ih pate in thaulawng tawh kisai koici bang ngaihsutna nei hiam cih ciangin: Nidanglai-in sa leh gal mah thupi pen hi. Lum leh tei pen mihing khat leh khat ahi a, ganhing khat peuh tawh kitanglaina bang bekah kizang thei a, thau pen a lum leh tei zatte uh tawh tehin hong kikhai mahmah hi. Thau a kitawi ciangin gal leh sa tungah gualzawhna thakhatin hong khang hi. Tua bangin Zomite' nuntakna-ah thau hong thupi mahmah ta ahih manin a luang uh tawh na khek ngam ta uh hi. Mikang Kumpite in Zogama thau khempeuh hong khopsak na na sa mahmah uh a, a tat kik nadingin a neih a lamh khempeuh uh pia ngam uh hi. A thaulawng a it manin a sihlawh zong om ahih manin "Zomite in a zi sangin a thaulawng a it zaw hi" cih dongin Kawlgam sungah kiciamteh hi.
Ih pu ih pate in thaulawng tawh a lungsim ngaihsutna uh na genkhia uh hi. Gal leh sa a mat-a a lungdam mahmah ciangin khawmual ah hanla sa-in thau lawnin mualsuah uh hi. Tua bek hilo-in sih ni ciangin pasal kap ngei lo-in a kah tangin min sialin thau lawn hi. Tua pen a kah tanga a ngaihsut ahi hi. Tua bangin Zomi pasal khat thau tawh kikhen thei lo hi:
(a) Taang hing ci a zangkhen kawlciang ko liang a bang kimciat a sangsa mualsuah leh taang kilawm e,taang kilawm e,
(b) Sangsa mualsuah leh taang kilawme, pupa khuamual a va don ding tuk lu pal zep leh lia kilawm, lia kilawme” ci-in thau thupi asakna uh la-in na sa uh hi.
(c) Thauvui bawlna thu:
Mikangte hong tun hunin Zomite in thau nei khin bek tham lo-in thauvui nangawn bawl thei khin hi. Tua ahih manin Mikangte na dawn bawl lo uh hi. Thauvui bawl thei ahih manin Zothau tawh galleh sa adeih a ut bangun na kap zo uh hi.
Innuai ek-awng mun, ek nelna muna leite leh innuai niin teng khawmin, beel sungah tui tawh kidiah hi. Tua eklei diahna tui pen vuttui bangin kikhaih a, tua a kikhaihkhia tui (nitrate) pen citui bangin al hi. Eklei kikhaihkhiatna tui la-in citui huanin kihuan leuleu hi. Citui ih huan ciangin Zoci hong suah mah bangin, tua eklei tui huan leng hong ha liuleu a, tua pen eklei kici pah hi. Tua eklei panin thauvui ih deih bangbangin kibawl thei ta hi. Phalbi hunin eklei kihuan thei zaw deuh hi.
Thauvui a suah theih nadingin kaat (sulphur) tawh hel kul a, kaat piankhiat nadingin gatang hal keu-in kisuvui hi. Tua lo-in, theidam sing ahih kei leh hongma sing ten nenin kihal a, tua meiholte kivuisak hi. Tu-in ekleivui hai khat leh meihol vui hai khat helin tui kinelsak a, sumah a vui siang dong kisu hi. Tua bangin a vui siang dimdem dong nihvei thumvei dong kisu kikkik a, thauvui hong piang hi. A hoih leh hoih loh theih nadingin thauvui tawm khat la-in la, hal masa-in, Thauvui khu a tunga a len toh leh a hoih kici hi. A khu lei-ah a bial leh hoih nai lo kici a, kisu lai hi. Numeite in thauvui su leh sa kiman thei hi, kici hi. Mikangte hong khan ciangin kumpi sung panin kaat (sulphur) baih takin kingah thei ta hi.
Thulakna:
Zoheisa Magazine 1988
0 comments:
Post a Comment